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The Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British national daily newspaper. Founded in 1821 as a local paper replacing the radical ''Manchester Observer'', it was known as ''The Manchester Guardian'' until 1959. It has grown into a national paper, and forms part of a media group with international and online offshoots. Its sister papers include ''The Observer'' (a British Sunday paper) and ''The Guardian Weekly'' (an international roundup of articles from various papers). In addition to its UK online edition theguardian.com, the paper has two international web sites, Guardian Australia and Guardian US. ''The Guardian'' is influential in the design and publishing arena, sponsoring many awards in these areas. Other media projects include ''GuardianFilm''. ''The Guardian'' was edited by Alan Rusbridger from 1995 to 2015, when Katharine Viner succeeded him.〔("Guardian appoints Katharine Viner as editor-in-chief" ), ''The Guardian'', 20 March 2015〕
In August 2013 ''The Guardian'' in paper form had an average daily circulation of 189,000 copies, behind ''The Daily Telegraph'' and ''The Times'', and ahead of ''The Independent''.〔National Newspapers Report, June 2013, published by the Audit Bureau of Circulation, http://abc.fileburst.com/publishedreports/National%20Newspapers%20Report%202013-06.pdf Accessed 12 July 2013. NB Registration required.〕 The newspaper's online edition was the fifth most widely read in the world as of October 2014, with over 42.6 million readers. In the UK, its combined print and online editions reach nearly 9 million readers.
Notable scoops include the newspaper's breaking of the News International phone hacking scandal in 2011, particularly with the revelation of the hacking of murdered teenager Milly Dowler's phone.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Can The Guardian Survive? )〕 The investigation brought about the closure of one of the highest circulation newspapers in the world, the ''News of the World''. The newspaper also broke news of the secret collection of Verizon telephone records held by Barack Obama's administration in June 2013,〔(Mark Hosenball and John Whitesides (Washington), "Obama administration defends massive phone record collection" ), Reuters, 6 June 2013.〕 and subsequently revealed the existence of the PRISM surveillance program after it was leaked to the paper by NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden.〔("Edward Snowden: the whistleblower behind the NSA surveillance revelations", ) ''The Guardian'', 10 June 2013.〕 ''The Guardian'' was named newspaper of the year at the 2014 British Press Awards, for its reporting on government surveillance.
==History==
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